Treatment technology toolkit

Select a technology. See where it leads.

KEMISTA assembles each plant from a proven toolkit of unit operations, sequenced case by case. Pick a technology below to see its reference flow, typical performance and the sectors where it is a core building block.

Physical–Chemical Anaerobic Aerobic AOP / Ozone Membrane Thermal / ZLD

Physical–Chemical

Coagulation · DAF · clarification

The workhorse front-end of nearly every plant. Chemical conditioning destabilises colloids and emulsions so suspended solids, FOG, colour, phosphorus and metals separate by flotation, settling and filtration.

Reference process flow
Raw effluent → Screen + EQ → pH adjust → Coagulation → Flocculation → DAF / clarifier → Media filter
Key equipment
Dissolved-air flotation Lamella clarifier Multimedia filter Filter press
Indicative performance
Typical contaminant removal
Suspended solids 95%
FOG 92%
Phosphorus 88%
Colour 78%
Typical / indicative — confirmed by bench & pilot testing per stream.
Technology selection matrix

How the toolkit maps to each sector

Physical–Chemical — core technology for 8 of 12 sectors
Core technology
Supporting / optional
Not typically required
Click a row for the case study
Specialist & advanced separation

Specialist polishing and advanced separation

Heavy-Metal Removal

Hydroxide or sulphide precipitation converts dissolved Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg to insoluble solids, settled and dewatered, then polished to trace levels. pH is the master variable.

pH adjust → Precipitation → Clarify → IX polish

Ion Exchange & Adsorption

Softening, demineralisation, selective and chelating resins and mixed-bed polishing drive hardness, metals, ammonium and trace anions to very low levels — with in-situ regeneration.

Cation → Anion → Selective → Mixed-bed

Electrodialysis & EDI

EDR and EDI pull dissolved ions through ion-selective membranes under a DC field — with no chemical regenerants. EDR reverses polarity to self-clean scaling streams; EDI continuously electro-regenerates for deep demineralisation.

Prefilter → EDR / EDI stack → DC rectifier → Product / reuse

Ceramic Membranes

Alumina, titania and zirconia membranes bring extreme chemical, thermal and mechanical robustness to MF / UF / NF — back-flushable, long-life, and running where polymerics fail: oily, hot, solvent and aggressive streams.

Equalise → Cross-flow MF/UF → Back-pulse / CIP → Solids-free

Detailed P&IDs and engineering curves for every unit operation.

PFDs, P&IDs, equipment & instrument lists, control narratives and commissioning documentation — produced per package.

Request engineering pack